HEAT

Zvc-HEAT

1| Zvc wK?

            Zvc GK cÖKvi kw³ hvnvi cÖfv‡e c`v‡_©i Aby cigvby mgyn cÖmvwiZ A_ev msKzwPZ nq ZvnvB Zvc| Ab¨fv‡e hvnvi cÖfv‡e c`v‡_©i DòZvi ev Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nq ZvnvB Zvc|

2| Zv‡ci Drm wK?

            Zv‡ci cªavb Drm m~h©¨‡K aiv nq| cÖK…Z c‡¶ cÖ‡Z¨K c`v_© ev kw³B Zv‡ci Drm|

3| Zv‡ci cÖfve wK?

            Zv‡c c`v‡_© wb¤œ cªfve cwijw¶Z nB‡Z cv‡i-

            1| DòZvi cwieZ©b nq|

            2| Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nq|

            3| AvqZ‡bi cwieZ©b nq|

            4| ‡fŠZ cwieZ©b nq|

            5| ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b nq|

            6| ‰e`y¨wZK cwieZ©b nq|

            7| †iv‡ai cwieZ©b nq|

4| Zvc cwigvcK GKK wK?

            Zvc cwigv‡ci wZbwU GKK e¨eüZ nq-

            1| we,wU,BD(B.T.U) ev Britsh Thermal Unit

2| wm,GBP,BD  (C.H.U) ev Centigrade Heat Unit

3|K¨vjix evCalorie

           

5| B.T.U wK?

            Bnv Zvc cwigv‡ciGK cÖKvi GKK| e„Uxk Ges Av‡gwiKvi cÖ‡KŠkjxe„›` GB cªKvi Zvcxq GKK e¨envi K‡ib| GK cvDÛ weky× cvwbi ZvcgvÎv GK wWMÖx dv‡ibnvBU cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z †h cwigvb Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv‡K GK we,wU,BD ejv nq| A_ev 1/144(0.00695) cvDÛ,32μ wWMÖx dvt Gi weï× eid‡K 32μ wWMÖx dvt Gi cvwb‡Z cwibZ Kwi‡Z †h Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb ZvnvB GK we,wU,BD|

6| C.H.U wK?

            Bnv Zvc cwigv‡ciGK cÖKvi GKK| cÖ‡KŠkjx gn‡j Bnvi e¨cK e¨envi bvB ej‡jB P‡j| GK cvDÛ weï× cvwbi ZvcgvÎv GK wWMÖx †mw›Uª‡MÖW(14.45μ wWMÖx †mt nB‡Z 15.5μ wWMÖx †mt)cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z †h Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv‡K GK wm,GBm,BD ejv nq| A_ev 1/80(0.0125) cvDÛ 0μ wWMÖx †mt Gi weï× eid‡K cvDÛ 0wWMÖx †mt Gi cvwbiZ cwibZ Kwi‡Z †h Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb ZvnvB GK wm,GBP,BD|

7| K¨vjix wK?

            Bnv Zvc cwigv‡ciGK cÖKvi GKK| GB cÖKvi GKK weÁvix gn‡j AwaK e¨eüZ nq| GK MÖvg weï× cvwbi ZvcgvÎv GK wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖW ( 14.5  †mt nB‡Z 15.55†mt)cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z †h cwigvb Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv‡K GK K¨vjix ejv nq| GK nvRvi K¨vjix‡K GK wd«Mix ejv nq|

8| wd«Mix wK?

            Bnv Zvc cwigv‡ci GKK K¨vjixi e„nr i“c| GB cÖKvi GKK BD‡iv‡ci †jLKe„›` wngvqb cÖK‡íi Zvc Acmvib ¶gZv cÖKvkv‡_© e¨envi K‡ib| Bnv K¨vjix Gi GK nvRvi ¸‡bi mgvb| A_¨©vr GK wK‡jv K¨v‡jvix=GK wd«Mix|

9| Ryj wK?

            Bnv Zvc cwigvcK Gm.AvB Gi GKK| Bnvi evwbwR¨K e¨envi bvB|

10| Zv‡ci GKK mgy‡ni g‡a¨ m¤úK© wK?

            1| 1 wm,GBm,BD =1.8 we,wU,BD = 453.6 K¨vjix = 0.4536 wdªMix|

            2| 1 we,wU,BD  =0 .56 wm,GBm,BD  = 252 K¨vjix  = 0.252 wdªMix|

            3| 1 K¨vjix  =0.004 we,wU,BD  = 0.0022 wm,GBm,BD(C.H.U) =0.001 wdªMix|

            4| 1 wdªMix = 3.968 we,wU,BD  = 2.2 wm,GBm,BD  = 1000 K¨vjix|

            5| 4.18 Ryj  = 1 wdªMix  = 3.968 we,wU,BD  = 2.2 wm,GBm,BD|

11| Zvc ¯’vbvšÍi cÖK…qv wK?

            Zvc wb¤œ wZbwU cÖK…qvq ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq-

            1| wewKib cÖK…qv (Radiation Process)

            2| cwienb cÖK…qv (Conduction Process)

            3| cwiPjb cÖK…qv (Convection Process)

12| wewKib cÖK…qv (Radiation Process) wK?

            Bnv GK cÖKvi Zvc ¯’vbvšÍi cÖK…qv| GB cÖK…qvi gva¨g e¨wZZ mivmwi Zvc ¯’vbvšÍi nq| ‡h cÖK…qvq Zvc gva¨g e¨wZZ ev gva¨‡gi ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b bv Kwiqv mivmwi ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Zvnv‡K wewKib cÖK…qv (Radiation Process)ejv nq| m~h¨© n‡Z Zvc GB cÖK…qvq c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m|

13| cwienb cÖK…qv (Conduction Process) wK?

            cwienb Zvc ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii GK cÖK…qv hvnvi mvnv‡h¨ KwVb c`v‡_¨i Zvc ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|†h cÖK…qvq Zvc Zi KwVb c`v‡_© Abyi ¯’vbvšÍi e¨wZZ  Aby n‡Z Aby‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq ZvB cwienb cÖK…qv (Conduction Process) | avZe `‡Ûi GK cÖvšÍ n‡Z Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ Gfv‡e Zvc P‡j|

14| cwiPjb cÖK…qv (Convection Process) wK?

            cwiPjb Zvc ¯’vbvšÍi cÖK…qv hvnvi mvnv‡h¨ Zvc Zij ev evqyexq c`v‡_© ¯’vbvšÍi n‡q _v‡K| †h cÖK…qvq Zvc Zij ev evqyexq c`v‡_© Abyi ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Aby n‡Z Aby‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Zvnv‡K cwiPjb cÖK…qv (Convection Process)ejv nq| Pv‡qi †KUjxi mg¯Í As‡ki cvwb GB cÖK…qvq Zvc MÖnb K‡i|

15| Zvc KZ cÖKvi?

            Zv‡ci cªfv‡ei Dci Zvc `yB cÖKvi|

            1| Aby‡gq Zvc(Sensible Heat) |

            2| myß Zvc A_ev jxb Zvc(Latent Heat)|

16| Aby‡gq Zvc(Sensible Heat)  wK?

            Bnv Zv‡ci Ggb cÖKvi †f` hvnvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z c`v‡_©i Ae¯’v ¯’xi _vwKqv ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b nq| †h Zv‡ci cÖfv‡e c`v‡_©¨i ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b nq Zvnv‡K Aby‡gq Zvc(Sensible Heat)  ejv nq| _v‡gv©wgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GB Zv‡ci Dcw¯’wZ Dcjwä Kiv hvq|

17|  myß Zvc A_ev jxb Zvc(Latent Heat) wK?

            Bnv Zv‡ci Ggb iƒc hvnvi cÖfv‡e e¯‘i Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nq| †h Zv‡ci cÖfv‡e c`v‡_©i ZvcgvÎv ¯’xi _vwKqv Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b nq Zvnv myß Zvc(Latent Heat)| c`v‡_©i Ae¯’v cwieZ©b j¶ Kwiqv Bnv Dcjwä Kiv hvq|

18| myß Zvc A_ev jxb Zvc(Latent Heat) KZ cÖKvi ?

            myß Zvc A_ev jxb Zvc(Latent Heat) `yB cÖKvi n‡q _v‡K|

            1| nxwgq ev eidxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Fusion)

2| ev¯úxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Vaporization)

19| nxwgq ev eidxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Fusion) wK?

            GB cÖKvi myß Zvc c`v_©‡K Zij n‡Z KwV‡b ev KwVb n‡Z Zi‡j cwibZ K‡i| †h Zv‡ci cÖfv‡e ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b bv nBqv c`v_©  KwVb n‡Z Zi‡j cwibZ nq Zvnv‡K nxwgq ev eidxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Fusion) ejv nq| cvwbi †¶‡Î Bnvi cwigvb 144 B.T.U  cÖwZ cvDÛ|

20| ev¯úxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Vaporization) wK?

            GB cÖKvi myß Zvc c`v_©‡K Zij n‡Z ev‡¯ú ev ev¯ú n‡Z Zi‡j cwibZ K‡i| †h Zv‡ci cÖfv‡e ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z _vwKqv c`v_©  Zij n‡Z ev‡¯ú cwibZ nq Zvnv‡K ev¯úxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Vaporization)ejv nq| cvwbi †¶‡Î Bnvi cwigvb 970.3 B.T.U  cÖwZ cvDÛ|

21| ¯^Zš¿ Zvc wK?

            Bnv `ywU Zv‡ci AbycvZ we‡kl| †h cwigvb Zvc cÖ‡qvM Kwi‡j †Kvb c`v_© cÖK…Z Abyiƒc ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b nq ZvnvB H c`v‡_©i ¯^Zš¿ Zvc| Ab¨ fv‡e, †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb c`v‡_©i GKK ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z †h Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb Zvnvi mwnZ mgcwigvb weï× cvwbi GKB ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci AbycvZ‡K ¯^Zš¿ Zvc ejv nq| cvwbi ¯^Zš¿ Zvc 1 Bnvi GKK bvB|

22| Aby‡gq Zvc(Sensible Heat)  wbY©q c×wZ wK?

            ZvwZ¡K fv‡e wb¤œfv‡e Aby‡gq Zvc evwni Kiv hvq -Hs = W x S x( TF – T1) A_¨v©r Aby‡gq Zvc=c`v‡_©i IRb x Dnvi ¯^Zš¿ ¶gZv x (ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b)| IRb cvDÛ Ges ZvcgvÎv wWMÖx dvt n‡j Zvc B.T.U  G evwni n‡e|

            AsK hw` 5 wWMÖx dvt Gi 10 cvt eid Zvc MÖnb Kwiqv 25 wWMÖx dvt G †cŠ‡Q Z‡e

            Aby‡gq Zvc=10 x .5 x (25-5)=100 B.T.U (ei‡di ¯^Zš¿Zvc0.5 awiqv)|

23| nxwgq ev eidxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Fusion) wbY©q c×wZ wK?

            Wb¤œfv‡e GB Zvc wbY©q Kiv hvq|

            eidxq myßZvc=c`v‡_©i IRb x myßZvc

myßZvc ewj‡Z GKK IR‡bi H c`v‡_©i cix¶vMv‡i wbwY©Z eidxq myßZvc‡K eySvq| IRb cvt Ges Zvc we,wU,BD cÖwZ cvt n‡j myßZv‡ci GKK we,wU.BD G aiv nB‡e|

AsK   32 wWMÖx dvt Gi 10 cvt eid 32 wWMÖx dvt Gi cvwb nB‡Z - eidxq myßZvc=10 x 144=1440 B.T.U  nB‡e|

24| ev¯úxq myß Zvc(Latent Heat of Vaporization) wbY©q c×wZ wK?

            ZvwZ¡Kfv‡e wb¤œmgxKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ev¯úxq myß Zvc wbY©q Kiv nq|

            ev¯úxq myß Zvc= c`v‡_©i IRb x GKK IR‡bi H c`v‡_©i myßZvc-

IRb cvt Ges myßZvc B.T.U  cÖwZ cvt n‡j Zvc B.T.U  G n‡e|

AsK  212 wWMÖx dvt Gi 10 cvt cvwb 212 wWMÖx dvt Gi ev‡¯ú cwibZ nq Z‡e ev¯úxq myßZv‡ci cwigvb=10 x 970.3=9703 B.T.U  n‡e|

25| †gvU Zvc wbY©q c×wZ wK?

            ‡gvU Zvc= Aby‡gq Zvc + eidxq myßZvc+ev¯úxq myßZvc

 AsK   hw` 0 wWMÖx dvt Gi 10 cvt eid 312 wWMÖx dvt Gi ev¯ú nq Z‡e ‡gvU cÖ‡qvwMZ Zv‡ci cwigvb n‡e

 ={10 x 0.5 x (32-0)}+{(10 x 144)}+{10 x 1 x (212-32)}+(10 x 970)+{10 x 0.5 x (312-212)}=160+1440+1800+9700+500=13600 B.T.U  (eid I ev‡¯úi ¯^Zš¿ Zvc 0.5 awiqv)

27| G¨vb_vjwc (Enthalpy) wK?

            G¨vb_vjwc (Enthalpy) n‡jv KwZcq ïb¨gvb kZv©wa‡b Aew¯’Z c`v‡_©i †gvU Zvc hvnv GKK IR‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| c`v‡_©i cig ïb¨ Ae¯’v nB‡Z Bnv Mbbv Kiv nq|